无线系统应用中深度学习(DL)的成功出现引起了人们对与安全有关的新挑战的担忧。一个这样的安全挑战是对抗性攻击。尽管已经有很多工作证明了基于DL的分类任务对对抗性攻击的敏感性,但是从攻击的角度来看,尚未对无线系统的基于回归的问题进行基于回归的问题。本文的目的是双重的:(i)我们在无线设置中考虑回归问题,并表明对抗性攻击可以打破基于DL的方法,并且(ii)我们将对抗性训练作为对抗性环境中的防御技术的有效性分析并表明基于DL的无线系统对攻击的鲁棒性有了显着改善。具体而言,本文考虑的无线应用程序是基于DL的功率分配,以多细胞大量多输入 - 销售输出系统的下行链路分配,攻击的目的是通过DL模型产生不可行的解决方案。我们扩展了基于梯度的对抗性攻击:快速梯度标志方法(FGSM),动量迭代FGSM和预计的梯度下降方法,以分析具有和没有对抗性训练的考虑的无线应用的敏感性。我们对这些攻击进行了分析深度神经网络(DNN)模型的性能,在这些攻击中,使用白色框和黑盒攻击制作了对抗性扰动。
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Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is a treatment that is used to compensate for irregularities in the heartbeat. Studies have shown that this treatment is more effective in heart patients with left bundle branch block (LBBB) arrhythmia. Therefore, identifying this arrhythmia is an important initial step in determining whether or not to use CRT. On the other hand, traditional methods for detecting LBBB on electrocardiograms (ECG) are often associated with errors. Thus, there is a need for an accurate method to diagnose this arrhythmia from ECG data. Machine learning, as a new field of study, has helped to increase human systems' performance. Deep learning, as a newer subfield of machine learning, has more power to analyze data and increase systems accuracy. This study presents a deep learning model for the detection of LBBB arrhythmia from 12-lead ECG data. This model consists of 1D dilated convolutional layers. Attention mechanism has also been used to identify important input data features and classify inputs more accurately. The proposed model is trained and validated on a database containing 10344 12-lead ECG samples using the 10-fold cross-validation method. The final results obtained by the model on the 12-lead ECG data are as follows. Accuracy: 98.80+-0.08%, specificity: 99.33+-0.11 %, F1 score: 73.97+-1.8%, and area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC): 0.875+-0.0192. These results indicate that the proposed model in this study can effectively diagnose LBBB with good efficiency and, if used in medical centers, will greatly help diagnose this arrhythmia and early treatment.
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The ability to effectively reuse prior knowledge is a key requirement when building general and flexible Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents. Skill reuse is one of the most common approaches, but current methods have considerable limitations.For example, fine-tuning an existing policy frequently fails, as the policy can degrade rapidly early in training. In a similar vein, distillation of expert behavior can lead to poor results when given sub-optimal experts. We compare several common approaches for skill transfer on multiple domains including changes in task and system dynamics. We identify how existing methods can fail and introduce an alternative approach to mitigate these problems. Our approach learns to sequence existing temporally-extended skills for exploration but learns the final policy directly from the raw experience. This conceptual split enables rapid adaptation and thus efficient data collection but without constraining the final solution.It significantly outperforms many classical methods across a suite of evaluation tasks and we use a broad set of ablations to highlight the importance of differentc omponents of our method.
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Federated Learning (FL) is a scheme for collaboratively training Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) with multiple data sources from different clients. Instead of sharing the data, each client trains the model locally, resulting in improved privacy. However, recently so-called targeted poisoning attacks have been proposed that allow individual clients to inject a backdoor into the trained model. Existing defenses against these backdoor attacks either rely on techniques like Differential Privacy to mitigate the backdoor, or analyze the weights of the individual models and apply outlier detection methods that restricts these defenses to certain data distributions. However, adding noise to the models' parameters or excluding benign outliers might also reduce the accuracy of the collaboratively trained model. Additionally, allowing the server to inspect the clients' models creates a privacy risk due to existing knowledge extraction methods. We propose CrowdGuard, a model filtering defense, that mitigates backdoor attacks by leveraging the clients' data to analyze the individual models before the aggregation. To prevent data leaks, the server sends the individual models to secure enclaves, running in client-located Trusted Execution Environments. To effectively distinguish benign and poisoned models, even if the data of different clients are not independently and identically distributed (non-IID), we introduce a novel metric called HLBIM to analyze the outputs of the DNN's hidden layers. We show that the applied significance-based detection algorithm combined can effectively detect poisoned models, even in non-IID scenarios. We show in our extensive evaluation that CrowdGuard can effectively mitigate targeted poisoning attacks and achieve in various scenarios a True-Positive-Rate of 100% and a True-Negative-Rate of 100%.
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通过查找图像可能不满意的图像来捕获对象检测器的错误行为,这一兴趣很长。在实际应用(例如自动驾驶)中,对于表征除了简单的检测性能要求之外的潜在失败也至关重要。例如,与远处未遗漏的汽车检测相比,错过对靠近自我车辆的行人的侦查通常需要更仔细的检查。在测试时间预测这种潜在失败的问题在文献和基于检测不确定性的传统方法中被忽略了,因为它们对这种错误的细粒度表征不可知。在这项工作中,我们建议将查找“硬”图像作为基于查询的硬图像检索任务的问题进行重新制定,其中查询是“硬度”的特定定义,并提供了一种简单而直观的方法,可以解决此任务大型查询家庭。我们的方法完全是事后的,不需要地面真相注释,独立于检测器的选择,并且依赖于有效的蒙特卡洛估计,该估计使用简单的随机模型代替地面真相。我们通过实验表明,它可以成功地应用于各种查询中,它可以可靠地识别给定检测器的硬图像,而无需任何标记的数据。我们使用广泛使用的视网膜,更快的RCNN,Mask-RCNN和CASCADE MASK-RCNN对象检测器提供有关排名和分类任务的结果。
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在医学中,图像注册对于图像引导的干预措施和其他临床应用至关重要。但是,很难解决,通过机器学习的出现,最近在该领域的医疗图像注册方面已经取得了很大的进步。深度神经网络的实施为某些医学应用提供了机会,例如在更少的时间内进行图像注册,以高精度,在操作过程中对抗肿瘤中发挥关键作用。当前的研究对基于无监督的深神经网络的医学图像注册研究的最新文献进行了全面的范围审查,其中包括到本领域在此日期中发表的所有相关研究。在这里,我们试图总结医学领域中无监督的基于深度学习的注册方法的最新发展和应用。在当前的全面范围审查中,精心讨论和传达了基本和主要概念,技术,从不同观点,新颖性和未来方向的统计分析。此外,这篇评论希望帮助那些被这一领域铆接的活跃读者深入了解这一激动人心的领域。
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糖尿病(DM)可导致严重的微脉管破坏,最终导致糖尿病性视网膜病变(DR)或由于糖尿病引起的眼睛并发症。如果不受组织的检查,这种疾病会随着时间的流逝而增加,并最终导致完全视力丧失。检测到这种光学发展的一般方法是通过检查视网膜图像的血管,视神经头,微型毛发,出血,渗出液等。最终,这受到经验丰富的眼科医生和大量DM案例的数量的限制。为了启用早期有效的DR诊断,眼科领域需要强大的计算机辅助诊断(CAD)系统。我们的审查旨在为从学生到成熟的研究人员提供给任何人,他们想了解CAD系统及其算法可以完成的工作,再到建模以及计算机视觉和模式识别中的视网膜图像处理领域的发展方向。对于刚开始的人来说,我们特别强调了不同数据库和算法框架的逻辑,优势和缺点,重点是最近的方法。
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实现安全和强大的自主权是通往更广泛采用自动驾驶汽车技术的道路的关键瓶颈。这激发了超越外在指标,例如脱离接触之间的里程,并呼吁通过设计体现安全的方法。在本文中,我们解决了这一挑战的某些方面,重点是运动计划和预测问题。我们通过描述在自动驾驶堆栈中解决选定的子问题所采取的新方法的描述,在介绍五个之内采用的设计理念的过程中。这包括安全的设计计划,可解释以及可验证的预测以及对感知错误的建模,以在现实自主系统的测试管道中实现有效的SIM到现实和真实的SIM转移。
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我们研究在线交互式强盗设置中的非模块化功能。我们是受到某些元素之间自然互补性的应用程序的动机:这仅使用只能代表元素之间竞争力的下函数来表达这一点。我们通过两种方式扩展了纯粹的下二次方法。首先,我们假设该物镜可以分解为单调下模量和超模块函数的总和,称为BP物镜。在这里,互补性自然是由超模型成分建模的。我们开发了UCB风格的算法,在每一轮比赛中,在采取行动以平衡对未知目标(探索)和选择似乎有希望的行动(剥削)的行动之间揭示的嘈杂收益。根据全知识的贪婪基线来定义遗憾和超模块化曲率,我们表明该算法最多可以在$ o(\ sqrt {t})$ hore $ t $ t $ t $ the $ t $ t $ the $ t $ t $ the $ the。其次,对于那些不承认BP结构的功能,我们提供了类似的遗憾保证,从其表现比率角度来看。这适用于几乎但不完全是子模型的功能。我们在数值上研究了Movielens数据集上电影推荐的任务,并选择用于分类的培训子集。通过这些示例,我们证明了该算法的性能以及将这些问题视为单次生管的缺点。
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变形金刚在NLP和计算机视觉上实现了突破,最近开始在自动驾驶汽车(AV)的轨迹预测中表现出有希望的表现。如何有效地对自我代理与其他道路和动态对象之间的交互关系建模仍然对标准注意模块仍然具有挑战性。在这项工作中,我们提出了一个类似变压器的架构模块MNM网络,该网络配备了新型掩盖的目标调节训练程序,用于AV轨迹预测。最终的模型名为高尔夫球手,取得了最先进的性能,在2022 Waymo Open DataSet Motion Predict挑战中赢得了第二名,并根据Minade排名第一。
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